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Academic Appointments:

2001 – Present Chair
Division of Microbiology and Immunology
Tulane National Primate Research Center
Tulane University Health Sciences Center
Covington, LA

Post-doctoral / Pre-doctoral Fellowship Training:

Education:  

Honors:

Journal Editor and Editorial Boards:

Journal Review Assignments:

1985-present Reviewer for Nature, Nature Medicine, Science, AIDS, Journal
of Virology, American Journal of Pathology, AIDS Research & Human Retroviruses, Virology, Journal of Infectious Diseases and Journal of Clinical Investigation

Present:

Completed:

2000-2002 Microbicides 2002 Organizing Committee and Track Chair, 2nd International Meeting on the Development of Vaginal Microbicides

2000-2001 Search Committee, Dean, School of Public Health, Tulane University Health Sciences Center, New Orleans, LA

2000-2001 2010 Planning Imperative Committee on Research Services and Research Infrastructure, Tulane University Health Sciences Center, New Orleans, LA

2000 14th World AIDS Conference, International Review Committee
1999-2000 Reproductive Physiologist Search Committee, Tulane Regional Primate Research Center, Covington, LA

1999-2000 Microbicides 2000 Organizing Committee and Track Chair, 1st International Meeting on the Development of Vaginal Microbicides

1996-1999 Organizing Committee - Annual Symposium on Non-human Primate Models for AIDS

 
1998 12th World AIDS Conference, International Review Committee

1995-1998 Aaron Diamond AIDS Research Center, Chairman, Faculty Promotions Committee

 
1996 Member, International Scientific Committee XI International Conference on AIDS, Vancouver, BC

1992-1996 NIAID - Member, AIDS and Related Diseases Immunology Study Section

1992-1995 Tulane Regional Primate Scientific Research Center, Chairman of the Scientific Advisory Committee

1994 Grant Reviewer MRC, London, Great Britain

1993 Committee for Development of a Regional Spaceport White Sands Missile Range

1991-1993 New Mexico State University Research Council

1988-1990 Univ. of California Chancellor's Technical Advisory Committee on AIDS

1989-1990 Univ. of California Search Committee for Vice-Chancellor for Research

1987-1988 Univ. of California Graduate Council

1987-1988 Univ. of California Academic Planning Council

1985-1987 Univ. of California Executive Council of the Academic Staff Organization

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Sabbatical Scientists Sponsored:

Teaching Experience:

Virology and Immunology New Mexico State University, Las Cruces, NM

Virology and Immunology Tulane University Medical Center, 
School of Public Health and Tropical Medicine, Department of Tropical Medicine, New Orleans, LA

Medical Microbiology Louisiana State University Medical School, New Orleans, LA

Oral Microbiology Louisiana State University School of Dentistry, New Orleans, LA

Immunology and Medical Technology Xavier University Biology, New Orleans, LA

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Graduate Student and Post-Doctoral Fellows:

Donald Sodora, Ph.D. - Aaron Diamond AIDS Research Center, New York, NY - 1994 - 1998

Zhiwei Chen, Ph.D. - New York University Medical Center, New York, NY - 1991 -1998

Christopher J. Miller, D.V.M., Ph.D. - University of California, Davis, CA - 1987 - 1991

Judy Levitch, Ph.D. - Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA - 1976 - 1980

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Professional Society Memberships:

Other Memberships:

Audubon Institute  
The Planetary Society  
American Museum of Natural History  
New Orleans Aquarium and Audubon Park Zoo

Patents:

1. "Complete genome sequence of a simian immunodeficiency virus from a Red-Capped Mangabey"

Patent Number: US 6,521,739 B1
Patent Date: February 18, 2003

Federal Grant Support:

1. "Effects of Progesterone and Estrogen on SIV Vaginal Transmission" 
NIH, R01 AI41952-01, Principal Investigator*
9/1/97 - 8/31/04
$1,543,358

Search for mechanisms by which the female hormones, progesterone and estrogen, influence vaginal transmission and pathogenesis of simian immunodeficiency virus (SIV) in rhesus macaques.

2. “Studies of SIVrcm and related primate lentiviruses in West Africa”
*NIH, R01 AI44596, Principal Investigator
9/1/99 - 8/31/04 
$3,533,103

3. “Immune responses to VSV/HIV/SIV hybrids in macaques”
NIH, R01 AI45510, Co-Investigator; J. Rose, Principal Investigator
4/1/99 - 3/31/03
$2,178,740
Continuation - 4/1/03 – 3/31/08 
$707,115

4. “HIV Vaccine Design and Development Teams
NIH, R43-AI49764, Co-Investigator, P. Maddon, Principal Investigator
9/29/01 – 9/30/03
$400,000

5. “Early inhibitors as tropical microbicides against HIV-1”
NIH PO1 AI52048, Co-Investigator, J.P. Moore, Principal Investigator
$3,143,776
9/30/01 – 9/29/05

6. “VSV vectored vaccines for HIV-1”
NIH N01 AI25458, Co-Investigator, S.A. Udem, Principal Investigator
$1,443,862 
5/15/02 – 5/14/06

7. “An improved macaque model for SIV and SHIV”
NIH P1 A41965G1, Principal Investigator 
9/1/02 – 8/31/06 
$2,243,763

8. “Antibody effector function in protection against HIV-1”
NIH, Co-Investigator, D. Burton, Principal Investigator
4/1/03 – 3/31/08
$2,050,216


B. PENDING:

1. “2003 Investigators in Pathogenesis of Infectious Disease Award”
Burroughs Wellcome Fund, Co-Investigator, M.A. Ozbun, Principal Investigator
6/1/03 – 5/31/04
$90,867

C. SELECTED LIST OF COMPLETED GRANTS:

1. "Evolution of SIV in West Africa"
NIH, NIAID, 1RO1AI27698-05, Principal Investigator *
Resulted in the discovery of a new SIV (SIVrcm) and provided evidence for the SIV origin of HIV-2

2. "Design and Construction of Chimpanzee Housing, New Mexico Regional Primate Research Laboratory”
GSA, GS-00P-91-BQ-G004, Principal Investigator*, Support: $10,000,000 - 1991-1993
Completed 5 buildings, over 100,000 sq. ft. on time and within budget.

3. "Establishment of a Breeding and Research Program".
NIH, NCRR, Principal Investigator*
1/90 - 12/92
Provided chimpanzees for FDA and NIH hepatitis research.

4. "Utilization of SIV infection for Non-human primates to evaluate experimental chemotherapy and vaccines"
US. Army , Principal Investigator*
1/90 - 12/92 
$185,000

5. “Development of animal models of acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) using simian T-Virus (STLV-III)"
NIH, NIAID, AI62559, Principal Investigator*
7/1/88 - 4/30/90
Inoculation of simian T-cell lymphotropic virus-III (STLV-III) in African and Asian monkeys for the purpose of developing a model for immunosuppressive retroviral diseases.

6. “Simian acquired immunodeficiency syndrome”
NIH, NIAID, Principal Investigator*
9/1/87 - 8/31/91
Define the etiology and pathogenesis of a naturally occurring immunodeficiency syndrome in rhesus monkeys at the California Regional Primate Research Center.

7. "Effects of Progesterone Implants on Heterosexual Transmission of AIDS: A Simian Model"
CONRAD, NIH CSA-94-133, Principal Investigator*
3/1/94 - 3/1/95 
Determine the effects of progesterone implants on the heterosexual transmission of AIDS through a simian model.

8. "Mucosal SIV Vaccines in Male Rhesus Macaques" 
CMIG, NIH RO1 AI36598, Principal Investigator*
Showed immunogenicity of various mucosal routes.

9. “Systemic approach to vaccines for retroviral diseases”
NIH, NIAID, A124292
Compare the effectiveness of proven and unproven vaccine strategies on a diverse group of animal retroviral diseases.

10. “Heterosexual transmission of AIDS: A simian model”
Eastern Virginia Medical School, CONRAD CSA-99-019, Principal Investigator*
12/1/87 - 11/30/90
Develop a model for sexual transmission of AIDS that will allow the exploration and definition of the biology of heterosexual contacts in transmission of SIV in rhesus cynomolgus macaques.

11. “Vaccination for HIV and AIDS”
NIH, NIAID, AI26471, Principal Investigator*
4/1/88 - 3/31/93
Develop a vaccine for HIV and AIDS

12. “Comparative neuropathogenesis of SAIDS Retroviruses”
NIH, DRR, RR00039, Consultant
9/1/88 - 8/31/93
Compare the pathogenesis of central nervous system infection by two macaque immunosuppressive retroviruses.

13. “SIV in macaques is a model for AIDS vaccine development”
NIH, NIAID, 1-U01-AI29207, Co-investigator
10/1/89 - 9/30/94
Examines several aspects of the SIV system which are important to AIDS vaccine development.

14. “Development of the African Green Monkey as a model for human heterosexual transmission of simian immunodeficiency virus”
Eastern Virginia Medical School, CONRAD, CSA-89-049, Principal Investigator*
7/1/89 - 6/30/90
Establish the utility of the AGM SIV model with particular reference to the screening of the 300 AGM sera provided by the Institute of Primate Research in order to establish background seroprevalence.

15. "The protective role of mucosal immunity to SIV & HIV entitled vaccines” 
NCVDG, NIH 1 U01 AI 28147-04, Project Leader
3/1/89 - 2/28/98
Develop a vaccine suitable for use in humans that will induce local (mucosal) immunity and protect against a lentivirus challenge via the genital (and gut) mucosa.

16. “A novel strategy to deliver antigens to dendritic cells”
NIH PAR-97-042, Co-Investigator; L. Stamatatos, Principal Investigator
10/1/97 - 9/30/99
Evaluate the potential of an alternative method of antigen delivery to APC for the induction of strong immune responses to in vivo.

17. “Presentation of SIV Delta Nef by Dendritic Cells”
NIH, PAR-97-042, Co-Investigator; M. Pope, Principal Investigator

18. “Antibody Responses to Oligomeric HIV Envelope Forms”
AMFAR 02572, Co-Investigator; L. Stamatatos, Principal Investigator

19. "Early Events in Mucosal Transmission of SIV & SHIV"
NIH, NIAID, R01 AI38573, Principal Investigator*
9/1/95 - 8/31/99
Identify the first target cell for SIV in the female genital tract, test the ability of the female genital tract to select between macrophage tropic and non-tropic variants of SIV and SHIV and characterize the early humoral cell-mediated immune responses in genital and draining lymphatic tissue.

20. “A novel strategy to deliver antigens to dendritic cells”
NIH PAR-97-042, Co-Investigator; L. Stamatatos, Principal Investigator
10/1/97 - 9/30/99

21. “Presentation of inactivated SIV by Dendritic Cells”
PAF PG-50999, Co-Investigator, Melissa Pope, Principal Investigator
1/1/00 – 12/31/00
$31,546

22. “Second Receptors for Primate Immunodeficiency Virus”
NIH, NIAID, R01 AI41420-01, Co-Investigator; J. Moore, Principal Investigator
3/1/97 - 2/28/00
$2,951,370
Focus on understanding the interactions between the HIV-1 envelope glycoproteins and the newly discovered second receptors that function during the fusion of HIV-1 and SIV with CD4+ cells.

23. “Center for AIDS Research - Aaron Diamond AIDS Research Center” and Tulane Regional Primate Research Center
NIH, PA-98-AI-011, Co-Investigator; D.D. Ho, Principal Investigator
Head of Primate Core
$8,023,058, 1/1/98 - 12/31/03
Establish an AIDS Center at the Aaron Diamond AIDS Research Center to provide coordination of research and core facilities.

24. “The role of mucosal leukocytes in SIV pathogenesis”
NIH, R01 AI40877-04 A1, Co-Investigator; M. Pope, Principal Investigator 
4/1/97 - 3/31/02
$1,611,363
Use the SIV-macaque model to dissect the role of DCs in the early steps in pathogenesis of immunodeficiency virus.

25. “HIV Neutralization in vitro and in SHIV-Infected Macaques”
NIH, HL-97-002, Co-Investigator; J. Moore, Principal Investigator
9/1/97 - 8/31/02
$1,660,000
Assess the effect on HIV-1 replication in vitro, and on SHIV replication in vitro and in vivo, of combinations of agents proven by us in published studies to have broad and potent neutralizing activity against primary HIV-1 isolates, when used as single agents.

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Research Collaborations and Sponsored Scientists:

A. USA Collaborations

1. “Dendritic Cells and SIV Mucosal Infections”
Dr. Melissa Pope
The Rockefeller University
New York, NY

2. "Pleistocene Extinctions and Epidemics"
Dr. Ross MacPhee
American Museum of Natural History
New York, NY

3. “Vesicular Stomatitis Virus (VSV) as a Vector for AIDS Vaccines”
Dr. John Rose
Yale University
New Haven, CT

4. “HIV Vaccine Design and Development Teams
Dr. Paul Maddon
Progenics
Tarrytown, NY

5. “HIV Neutralization in vitro and in SHIV-Infected Macaques”
Dr. John Moore
Cornell University
New York, NY

6. “Effects of Progesterone and Estrogen on SIV Vaginal Transmission”
Dr. Stephen Smith
St. Michael’s Medical Center
Newark, NJ

7. “Studies of SIVrcm and related primate lentiviruses in West Africa”
Dr. Beatrice Hahn
University of Alabama at Birmingham
Birmingham, AL

B. International Collaborations

1. “Studies of SIVrcm and related primate lentiviruses in West Africa “
Dr. Jean Wickings
Centre International de Recherches Medicales
Franceville, Gabon, West Africa

2. “Mucosal Immunity in AIDS”
Dr. Kunlong Ben
Kunming Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences
Kunming, Yunnan, P.R. China

3. “New Primate Lentivirus in Cameroon”
Peter Enyong
Medical Research Station
Kumba, Cameroon

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Bibliography (175 publications):

Peer-Reviewed Original Publications:

1. 1974 Marx, P.A., A. Portner and D. W. Kingsbury. Sendai virion transcriptase complex: Polypeptide composition and inhibition by virion envelope proteins. Journal of Virology 13:107-112. 

2. 1974 Portner, A., P.A. Marx and D.W. Kingsbury. Isolation and characterization of Sendai virus temperature- sensitive mutants. Journal of Virology 13:298-304. 

3. 1975 Marx, P.A., C. Pridgen and D.W. Kingsbury. Location and abundance of Poly(A) sequences in Sendai virus messenger RNAs. Journal of General Virology 27:247-250. 

4. 1975 Portner, A., R.A. Scroggs, P.A. Marx and D.W. Kingsbury. A temperature-sensitive mutant of Sendai virus with an altered hemagglutinin-neuraminidase polypeptide: Consequences for virus assembly and cytopathology. Virology 67:179-187. 

5. 1977 Genovesi, E.V., P.A. Marx and E.F. Wheelock. Antigenic modulation of Friend virus erythroleukemic cells in vitro by serum from mice with dormant erythroleukemia. Journal of Experimental Medicine 146:520-534. 

6. 1979 Genovesi, E.V., P.A. Marx and E.F. Wheelock. Susceptibility of Friend virus antigen-modulated erythroleukemic cells to lysis by T lymphocytes from mice with dormant Friend virus infections. Journal of Immunology 122:795-800. 

7. 1979 Callahan, R.M., P.A. Marx and E.F. Wheelock. Group-specific cytolytic antibody directed against the major glycoprotein (gp70) of murine leukemia viruses in serum of mice with dormant FLV infections. Virology 97:55-67. 

8. 1980 Callahan, R.M., P.A. Marx, W.G. Marum and E.F. Wheelock. Effect of serum from mice with dormant Friend leukemia viral infections on synthesis and modulation of erythroleukemia cell surface gp70. Journal of Immunology 125:616-622. 

9. 1984 Gravell, M., W.T. London, S.A. Houff, D.L. Madden, M.C. Dalakas, J.L. Sever, K.G. Osborn, D.H. Maul, R.V. Henrickson, P.A. Marx, N.W. Lerche, S. Prahalada and M.B. Gardner. Transmission of simian acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (SAIDS) with blood or filtered plasma. Science 223:74-76. 

10. 1984 Marx, P.A., D.H. Maul, K.G. Osborn, N.W. Lerche, P. Moody, L.J. Lowenstine, R.V. Henrickson, L.O. Arthur, R.V. Gilden, M. Gravell, W.T. London, J.L. Sever, J.A. Levy, R.J. Munn and M.B. Gardner. Simian AIDS: Isolation of a type D retrovirus and transmission of the disease. Science 223:1083-1086.

11. 1984 Gravell, M., W.T. London, R.S. Hamilton, J.L. Sever, A.Z. Kapikian, G. Murti, L.O. Arthur, R.V. Gilden, K.G. Osborn, P.A. Marx, R.V. Henrickson and M.B. Gardner. Transmission of simian AIDS with type D retrovirus isolate. Lancet i:334-335. 

12. 1984 Gardner M.B., P.A. Marx, D.H. Maul, K.G. Osborn, R.V. Henrickson, N.W. Lerche, R.J. Munn, B. Bencken and M. Bryant. Simian AIDS - Evidence for a retroviral etiology. Hematological Oncology 2:259-268. 

13. 1985 Maul, D.H., C.H. Miller, P.A. Marx, M.L. Bleviss, D.L. Madden, R.V. Henrickson and M.B. Gardner. Immune defects in simian acquired immunodeficiency syndrome. Veterinary Immunology and Immunopathology 8:201-214. 

14. 1985 Shiigi, S.M., B.J. Wilson, A. Malley, C.F. Howard, Jr., W.P. McNulty, L.C. Olson, S. Olson, D. Regan, D.R. Burger and P.A. Marx. Virus-associated deficiencies in the mitogen reactivity in Celebes black macaques (Macaca nigra). Journal of Clinical Immunology and Immunopathology 35:200-210. 

15. 1985 Bryant, M.L., J. Yamamoto, P. Luciw, R.J. Munn, P.A. Marx, J. Higgins, N.C. Pedersen, A. Levine and M.B. Gardner. Molecular comparison of retroviruses associated with human and simian AIDS. Hematological Oncology 3:187-198. 

16. 1985 Munn, R.J., P.A. Marx, J.K. Yamamoto, and M.B. Gardner. Ultrastructural comparison of the retroviruses associated with human and simian acquired immunodeficiency syndromes. Laboratory Investigation 53(2):l94-l99. 

17. 1985 LeGrand, E.K., R.M. Donovan, P.A. Marx, J.E. Moulton, A.T.W. Cheung, A.E. Lewis and M.B. Gardner. Monocyte function in rhesus monkeys with simian acquired immune deficiency syndrome. Veterinary Immunology and Immunopathology 10:131-146. 

18. 1985 Marx, P.A., M.L. Bryant, K.G. Osborn, D.H. Maul, N.W. Lerche, L.J. Lowenstine, J.D. Kluge, C. Zaiss, R.V. Henrickson, S.M. Shiigi, B.J. Wilson, A. Malley, L.C. Olson, W.P. McNulty, L.O. Arthur, R.V. Gilden, C.S. Barker, E. Hunter, R.J. Munn, G. Heidecker and M.B. Gardner. Isolation of a new serotype of simian acquired immune deficiency syndrome type D retrovirus from Celebes black macaques (Macaca nigra) with immune deficiency and retroperitoneal fibromatosis. Journal of Virology 56(2):571-578. 

19. 1986 Bryant, M.L., P.A. Marx, S.N. Shiigi, B.J. Wilson, W.P. McNulty, and M.B. Gardner. Distribution of type D retrovirus sequences in tissues of macaques with SAIDS and retroperitoneal fibromatosis. Virology 150(1):149-160. 

20. 1986 Power, M.D., P.A. Marx, M.L. Bryant, M.B. Gardner, P.J. Barr, and P.A. Luciw. Nucleotide sequence of SRV-1, a type D simian acquired immune deficiency syndrome retrovirus. Science 231:1567-1572. 

21. 1986 Maul, D.H., N.W. Lerche, K.G. Osborn, P.A. Marx, C. Zaiss, A. Spinner, J.D. Kluge, M.R. MacKenzie, L.J. Lowenstine, M.L. Bryant, J.R. Blakeslee, R.V. Henrickson and M.B. Gardner. Pathogenesis of simian AIDS in rhesus macaques inoculated with the SRV-1 strain of type D retrovirus. American Journal of Veterinary Research 47(4):863-868. 

22. 1986 Shiigi, S.M., B.J. Wilson, A. Malley, R.A. Chandler, C.F. Howard, Jr., L.C. Olson, J.L. Palotay, W.P. McNulty, and P.A. Marx. Association of SAIDS/RF- Related Signs with Current or Past SAIDS Type 2 Retrovirus Infection in a Colony of Celebes Black Macaques. Laboratory Animal Science 36(1):20-23. 

23. l986 Wilson B.J., S.M. Shiigi, A. Malley, W.P. McNulty, L. Olson, C. Howard, and P.A. Marx. Relationship of mitogen reactivity to type D retrovirus infection in Celebes black macaques. Laboratory Animal Science 36(3):237-239. 

24. l986 Shiigi, S.M., B.J. Wilson, R.A. Chandler, A. Malley, L.C. Olson, W.P. McNulty, and P.A. Marx. Neutralizing antibody in Celebes Black macaques recovering from infection with simian acquired immunodeficiency syndrome Retrovirus Type 2. Clinical Immunology and Immunopathology 40:283- 290. 

25. l986 Lerche, N.W., K.G. Osborn, P.A. Marx, S. Prahalada, D.H. Maul, L.J. Lowenstine, R.J. Munn, M.L. Bryant, R.V. Henrickson, L.O. Arthur, R.V. Gilden, C.S. Barker, E. Hunter and M.B. Gardner. Inapparent carriers of simian acquired immune deficiency syndrome type D retrovirus and disease transmission with saliva. Journal of National Cancer Institute 77(2):489-495. 

26. 1986 Bryant, M.L., M.B. Gardner, P.A. Marx, D.H. Maul, N.W. Lerche, K.G. Osborn, L.J. Lowenstine, A. Bodgen, L.O. Arthur and E. Hunter. Immunodeficiency in rhesus monkeys associated with the original Mason-Pfizer monkey virus. Journal of the National Cancer Institute 77:(4):957-965. 

27. 1986 Lowenstine, L.J., N.C. Pedersen, J. Higgins, K.C. Pallis, A. Uyeda, P.A. Marx, N.W. Lerche, R.J. Munn and M.B. Gardner. Seroepidemiologic survey of captive old-world primates for antibodies to human and simian retroviruses, and isolation of a lentivirus from sooty mangabeys (Cercocebus atys). International Journal of Cancer 38:563-574. 

28. 1986 Marx, P.A., N.C. Pedersen, N.W. Lerche, K.G. Osborn, L.J. Lowenstine, A.A. Lackner, D.H. Maul, H.S. Kwang, J.D. Kluge, C. Zaiss, V. Sharpe, A.P. Spinner, A.C. Allison, and M.B. Gardner. Prevention of simian acquired immunodeficiency syndrome with a formalin-inactivated type D retrovirus vaccine. Journal of Virology 60(2):431-435. 

29. 1986 Pedersen, N.C., L.J. Lowenstine, P.A. Marx, J. Higgins, J. Baulu, M. McGuire, and M.B. Gardner. The causes of false positives encountered during the screening of old world primates for serum ELISA antibodies to human and simian retroviruses. Journal of Virological Methods 14:213-228. 

30. 1987 Kwang, H.S., N.C. Pedersen, N.W. Lerche, K.G. Osborn, P.A. Marx, and M.B. Gardner. Viremia, antigenemia, and serum antibodies in rhesus macaques infected with simian retrovirus type l and their relationship to disease course. Laboratory Investigation 56(6):591-597. 

31. 1987 Heidecker, G., N.W. Lerche, L.J. Lowenstine, A.A. Lackner, K.G. Osborn, M.B. Gardner, and P.A. Marx. Induction of Simian Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndrome (SAIDS) with a Molecular Clone of a Type D SAIDS Retrovirus. Journal of Virology 61(10):3066-3071.

32. 1987 Lerche, N.W., P.A. Marx, K.G. Osborn, D.H. Maul, L.J. Lowenstine, M.L. Bleviss, P. Moody, R.V. Henrickson, and M.B. Gardner. Natural history of endemic type D retrovirus infection and acquired immune deficiency syndrome in group-housed rhesus monkeys. Journal of the National Cancer Institute 79(4):847-854. 

33. 1988 Marx, P.A., R.J. Munn, and K.I. Joy. Computer emulation of thin-section electron microscopy predicts an envelope associated icosadeltahedral capsid for human immunodeficiency virus. Laboratory Investigation 58:(1):112-118.

34. 1988 Lackner, A.A., M.H. Rodriguez, C.E. Bush, R.J. Munn, H-S. Kwang, P.F. Moore, K.G. Osborn, L.J. Lowenstine, P.A. Marx, and M.B. Gardner. Distribution of a macaque immunosuppressive type D retrovirus in neural, lymphoid, and salivary tissues. Journal of Virology 62:2134-42.

35. 1988 Maul, D. H., C. P. Zaiss, M.R. MacKenzie, S.M. Shiigi, P. A. Marx, and M. B. Gardner. The Type D. Retrovirus SRV-1 has a Broad Cellular Tropism for Lymphoid and Non-lymphoid Cells. Journal of Virology 62:1768-73.

36. 1988 Kwang, H.S., P. J. Barr, E.A. Sabin, S. Sutjipto, P.A. Marx, M.D. Power, I.C. Bathurst, and N.C. Pedersen. Simian retrovirus-D, Serotype I (SRV-1) Envelope Glycoproteins Gp70, Gp20: Expression in yeast cells and identification of specific antibodies in sera from monkeys that recovered from SRV-1 infection. Journal of Virology 62(5):1774-1780.

37. 1988 Wu, J.C., M. Chernow,. R.E. Boehme, R.T. Suttmann, J.J. McRoberts, E.J. Prisbie, T.R. Matthews, M.S. Chen, P.A. Marx and R.Y. Chuang. Kinetics and inhibition of reverse transcriptase from human and simian immunodeficiency viruses. Journal of Antimicrobiology Chemotherapy 32:1887-1890.

38. 1988 Heberling R.L., S.S. Kalter, P.A. Marx, J.K. Lowry, A.R. Rodriguez. Dot immunobinding assay compared with enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay for rapid and specific detection of retrovirus antibody induced by human or simian acquired immunodeficiency syndrome. Journal of Clinical Microbiology 26(4):765-7.

39. 1989 McChesney, M.B., R.S. Fujinami, N.W. Lerche, P.A. Marx, and M.B.A. Oldstone. Virus-induced immunosuppression: Infection of peripheral blood mononuclear cells and suppression of immunoglobulin synthesis during natural measles virus infection of rhesus monkeys. Journal of Infectious Disease 159(4):757-760.

40. 1989 Marthas, M.L., B. Banapour, Babak, S. Sutjipto, M.E. Siegel, P.A. Marx, M.B. Gardner, N.C. Pedersen, and P.A. Luciw. Rhesus macaques inoculated with molecularly cloned simian immunodeficiency virus. Journal of Medical Primatology 18:311-318.

41. 1989 Gardner, M.B., M. Jennings, J.R. Carlson, N. Lerche, T. McGraw, P. Luciw, and P.A. Marx. Post-exposure immunotherapy of SIV infected rhesus with an SIV immunogen. Journal of Medical Primatology 18:321-328.

42. 1989 Miller C.J., N.J. Alexander, S. Sutjipto, A.A. Lackner, A. Gettie, A.G. Hendrickx, L.J. Lowenstine, M. Jennings, P.A. Marx. Genital mucosal transmission of simian immunodeficiency virus: animal model for heterosexual transmission of human immunodeficiency virus. Journal of Virology, 63(10):4277-84.

43. 1989 Lackner, A.A., P.A. Marx, N.W. Lerche, M.B. Gardner, J.D. Kluge, A. Spinner, H.S. Kwang, L.J. Lowenstine. Asymptomatic infection of the central nervous system by the macaque immunosuppressive type D retrovirus, SRV-1. Journal of General Virology 70(Pt 7):1641-51.

44. 1989 Lackner, A.A., M. Schiodt, G.C. Armitage, P.F. Moore, R.J. Munn, P.A. Marx, M.B. Gardner, L.J. Lowenstine. Mucosal epithelial cells and Langerhans cells are targets for infection by the immunosuppressive type D retrovirus simian AIDS retrovirus serotype 1. Journal of Medical Primatology 18(3-4):195-207.

45. 1989 Gardner, M.B., P.A. Luciw, P.A. Marx, N. Lerche, T. McGraw, M. Jennings, J. Carlson, and N. Pedersen. An Approach to Immunotherapy of Simian Immunodeficiency Virus-infected Rhesus with an Inactivated Whole SIV Immunogen. Vaccines 89:233-238.

46. 1990 Sutjipto, S., M.R. Jennings, T. Kodama, R.C. Desrosier and P.A. Marx. Characterization of monoclonal antibodies that distinguish SIV isolates from each other and from HIV 1 and 2. Journal of General Virology 71:247-249

47. 1990 Miller, C.J., N.J. Alexander, S. Sutjipto, S.M. Joye, A.G. Hendrickx, M. Jennings and P.A. Marx. Effect of Virus Dose and Nonoxynol-9 on the Genital Transmission of SIV in Rhesus Macaques. Journal of Medical Primatology 19:401-409.

48. 1990 Lackner, A.A., P.F. Moore, P.A. Marx, R.J. Munn, M.B. Gardner, L.J. Lowenstine. Immunohistochemical localization of type D retrovirus serotype 1 in the digestive tract of rhesus monkeys with simian AIDS. Journal of Medical Primatology 19(3-4):339-349.

49. 1990 Sutjipto S., N.C. Pedersen, C.J. Miller, M.B. Gardner, C.V. Hanson, A. Gettie, M. Jennings, J. Higgins, P.A. Marx. Inactivated simian immunodeficiency virus vaccine failed to protect rhesus macaques from intravenous or genital mucosal infection but delayed disease in intravenously exposed animals. Journal of Virology 64(5):2290-2297.

50. 1990 Marthas M.L, S. Sutjipto, J. Higgins, B. Lohman, J. Torten, P.A. Luciw, P.A. Marx, N.C. Pedersen. Immunization with a live, attenuated simian immunodeficiency virus (SIV) prevents early disease but not infection in rhesus macaques challenged with pathogenic SIV. Journal of Virology 64(8):3694-3700.

51. 1991 Marx, P.A. Y. Li, N. W. Lerche, S. Sutjipto, A. Gettie, J. Yee, B. H. Brotman, A.M. Prince, A. Hanson, R.G. Webster, R.C. Desrosiers. Isolation of a Simian Immunodeficiency Virus Related to Human Immunodeficiency Virus Type 2 from a West African Pet Sooty Mangabey. Journal of Virology 65:4480-4485.

52. 1991 Lackner, A.A., M. O. Smith, R.J. Munn, D.J. Martfeld, M.B. Gardner, P.A. Marx, and S. Dandekar. Localization of Simian Immunodeficiency Virus in the Central Nervous System of Rhesus Monkeys. American Journal of Pathology 139 3:609-621.

53. 1991 Planelles, V., N.L. Haigwood, M.L. Marthas, K.A. Mann, C. Scandella, W.D. Lidster, J.R. Shuster, R. Van Kuyk, P.A. Marx, M.B. Gardner, and Paul A. Luciw. Functional and Immunological Characterization of SIV Envelope Glycoprotein Produced in Genetically Engineered Mammalian Cells. AIDS Research and Human Retroviruses, Vol 7, 11:889-898.

54. 1991 Lohman, B.L., J. Higgins, M.L. Marthas, P.A. Marx and N.C. Pedersen. Development of Simian Immunodeficiency virus isolation, titration, and neutralization assays which use whole blood from rhesus monkeys and an antigen capture enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Journal of Clinical Microbiology 29: 2187-2192

55. 1991 Lerche, N.W., P.A. Marx and M.B. Gardner. Elimination of type D retrovirus infection from group-housed rhesus monkeys using serial test and removal. Laboratory Animal Science 41: 123-127.

56. 1992 Miller, C.J., N. J. Alexander, A. Gettie, Andrew G. Hendrickx and P.A. Marx. The Effect of Contraceptives containing Nonoxynol-9 on the Genital Transmission of Simian Immunodeficiency Virus in Rhesus Macaques. Fertility and Sterility, Vol. 57, 5:1126-1128.

57. 1992 Miller, C.J., D.W. Kang, M. Marthas, Z. Moldoveanu, H. Kiyono, P. A. Marx, J.H. Eldridge, J. Mestecky, and J.R. McGhee. The Genital secretory immune response to chronic SIV infection: A Comparison between Intravenously and Genitally Inoculated Rhesus Macaques. Clinical and Experimental Immunology, 88:520-526.

58. 1992 Brody, B.A., E. Hunter, J.D. Kluge, R. Lasarow, M.B. Gardner, and P.A. Marx. Protection of Macaques against Infection with Simian Type D Retrovirus (SRV-1) by Immunization with Recombinant Vaccinia Virus Expressing the Envelope Glycoproteins of Either SRV-1 or Mason-Pfizer Monkey Virus (SRV-3). Journal of Virology, 66:3950-3954. 

59. 1992 Marthas, M.L., C.J. Miller, S. Sutjipto, J. Higgins, J. Torten, B.L. Lohman, R.E. Unger, R.A. Ramos, H. Kiyona, J.R. McGhee, P.A. Marx, and N.C. Pedersen. Efficacy of live-attenuated and whole inactivated simian Immunodeficiency virus vaccines against vaginal challenge with virulent SIV. Journal of Medical Primatology, 21:99-107

60. 1992 Miller, C.J., N.J. Alexander, P. Vogel, J. Anderson and P.A Marx. Mechanism of genital transmission of SIV: a hypothesis based on transmission studies and location of SIV in the genital tract of chronically infected female rhesus macaques. Journal of Medical Primatology, 21:64-68.

61. 1992 Miller, C.J., P. Vogel, N. Alexander, S. Sutjipto, A. Hendrickx and P.A. Marx. Localization of SIV in the genital tract of chronically infected female rhesus macaques. American Journal of Pathology 141:655-660.

62. 1992 Higgins, J.R., S. Sutjipto, P.A. Marx and N.C. Pedersen. Shared antigenic epitopes of the major core proteins of human and simian immunodeficiency virus isolates. Journal of Medical Primatology 21:265-269.

63. 1993 Marx, P.A., R.W. Compans, A. Gettie, J.K. Staas, R.M. Gilley, M.J. Mulligan, G.V. Yamshchikov, D. Chen and J.H. Eldridge. Protection Against Vaginal Transmission with Microencapsulated Vaccine, Science, 260:1323-1327.

64. 1993 Eldridge, J.H., J.K. Staas, D. Chen, P.A. Marx, T.R. Tice and R.M. Gilley. New advances in vaccine delivery systems. Seminars in Hematology, 30:16-24.

65. 1994 Miller, C.J., P. Vogel, N.J. Alexander, S. Dandekar, A.G. Hendrickx and P.A. Marx. Pathology and localization of SIV in the reproductive tract of chronically infected male rhesus macaques, Laboratory Investigation 70:255-262.

66. 1995 Israel, Z, and P.A. Marx. Non-classical mucosal antibodies predominate in genital secretions of HIV-1 positive chimpanzees. Journal of Medical Primatology 24:53-60.

67. 1995 Chen, Z., P. Telfer, P. Reed, L. Zhang, A. Gettie, D.D. Ho and P.A. Marx. Isolation and characterization of the first simian immunodeficiency virus from a feral sooty mangabey (Cercocebus atys ) in West Africa. Journal of Medical Primatology 24:108-115. 

68. 1995 Otsyula, M.G., A. Gettie, M. Suleman, R. Tarara, I. Mohamed, and P.A. Marx. Apparent lack of vertical transmission of simian immunodeficiency virus (SIV) in naturally infected African green monkeys, Cercopithecus aethiops. Animal Tropical Medicine Parasitology 89:573-576.

69. 1995 Jackson, S., Z. Moldoveanu, J. Mestecky, A.M. Pitts, J.H. Eldridge, J.R. McGhee, C.J. Miller and P.A. Marx. Decreased IgA-producing cells in the gut of SIV-infected rhesus monkeys. Advances in Mucosal Immunology, 371B:1035-1038..

70. 1996 Spira, A., P.A. Marx, B.K. Patterson, C.J. Mahoney, R.A. Koup, S.M. Wolinsky, and D.D. Ho. Cellular targets of infection and route of viral dissemination following an intravaginal inoculation of SIV into Rhesus Macaques. Journal of Experimental Medicine, 183:215-225.

71. 1996 Otsyula, M., J. Yee, M. Jennings, M. Suleman, A. Gettie, R. Tarara, M. Isahakia, P.A. Marx, and N. Lerche. Prevalence of antibodies against simian immunodeficiency virus (SIV) and simian T-lymphotropic virus (STLV) in a colony of non-human primates in Kenya, East Africa. Annals of Tropical Medicine and Parasitology, 90(1):65-70.

72. 1996 Otsyula, M.G., J.A.L. Lee, M.A. Suleman, P.A. Marx, and J.B. Jennings. Immunoassay for detection of antibodies to simian immunodeficiency virus and human immunodeficiency virus in serum. Laboratory Animal, 46:198-201.

73. 1996 Chen, Z., P. Telfer, T. Reed, A. Gettie, L. Q. Zhang, D.D. Ho and P.A. Marx. Genetic characterization of new West African Simian Immunodeficiency Virus SIVsm: Geographic clustering of household-derived SIV strains with HIV-2 subtypes and genetically diverse viruses from a single feral sooty mangabey troop. Journal of Virology, 70:3617-3627.

74. 1996 Marx P.A., A.I. Spira, A. Gettie, P.J. Dailey, R.S. Veazey, A.A. Lackner, C.J. Mahoney, C.J. Miller, L.E. Claypool, D.D. Ho, and N.J. Alexander. Progesterone Implants Enhances SIV Vaginal Transmission and Early Virus Load. Nature Medicine, 2:1084-1089.

75. 1997 Chen, Z., P. Zhou, D.D. Ho, N.R. Landau and P.A. Marx. Genetically divergent strains of simian immunodeficiency virus use CCR5 as a co-receptor for entry. Journal of Virology, 71:2705-2714. 

76. 1997 Chen, Z., A. Luckay, D.L. Sodora, P. Telfer, P. Reed, A. Gettie, J.M. Kanu, J. Yee, D.D. Ho, L.Q. Zhang and P.A. Marx. HIV-2 seroprevalence and characterization of a new HIV-2 genetic subtype (F) within the natural range of SIV infected sooty mangabeys. Journal of Virology 71(5):3953-3960. 

77. 1997 Pope, M., D. Elmore, D. Ho and P.A. Marx. Dendritic cell-T cell mixtures, isolated from the skin and mucosae of macaques, support the replication of SIV. AIDS Research and Human Retroviruses, 13(10):819-827. 

78. 1998 Sodora, D.L., A. Gettie, C.J. Miller and P.A. Marx. Vaginal transmission of SIV: assessing infectivity and hormonal influences in macaques inoculated with cell-free and cell-associated viral stocks. AIDS Research and Human Retroviruses, 13:S1-S5.

79. 1998 Sodora, D.L., F. Lee, P.J. Dailey and P.A. Marx. A genetic and viral load analysis of the simian immunodeficiency virus during acute phase in macaques inoculated by the vaginal routes. AIDS Research and Human Retroviruses, 14:171-181.

80. 1998 Georges-Courbot, M.C., C.Y. Lu, M. Makuwa, P. Telfer, R. Onanga, G. Dubreuil, Z. Chen, S.M. Smith, A. Georges, F. Gao, B. Hahn and P.A. Marx. Natural Infection of a Household Pet Red Capped Mangabey (Cercocebus torquatus torquatus) with a New Simian Immunodeficiency Virus having pol Sequences in the HIV-1 Lineage. Journal of Virology, 72:600-608.

81. 1998 Chen, Z., A. Gettie, D.D. Ho and P.A. Marx. Primary SIVsm isolates use the CCR5 co-receptor from sooty mangabeys naturally infected in West Africa: a comparison of coreceptor usage of primary SIVsm, HIV-2 and SIVmac. Virology, 246:113-124.

82. 1998 Harouse, J.M., R.C. Tan, A. Gettie, P. Dailey, P.A. Marx, P.A. Luciw and C. Cheng-Mayer. In vitro infection of primate PBMC with simian/human immunodeficiency virus, SHIV(SF33A): correlation to in vivo outcome. Journal of Medical Primatology, 27:81-86.

83. 1998 Smith, S.M., M. Makuwa, F. Lee, A. Gettie, C. Russo and P.A. Marx. SIVrcm infection of macaques. Journal of Medical Primatology, 27:94-98.

84. 1998 Palacios, E., L. Digilio, H.M. McClure, Z. Chen, P.A. Marx, M.A. Goldsmith and R.M. Grant. Parallel evolution of CCR5-null phenotypes in humans and in a natural host of simian immunodeficiency virus. Current Biology, 8:943-946.

85. 1998 Harouse, J.M., R.C. Tan, A. Gettie, P. Dailey, P.A. Marx, Luciw and C. Cheng-Mayer. Mucosal transmission of pathogenic CXCR4-utilizing SHIVSF33A variants in rhesus macaques. Virology, 248:95-107.

86. 1998 Connor, R.I., D.C. Montefiori, J.M. Binley, J.P. Moore, S. Bonhoeffer, A. Gettie, E.A. Fenamore, K.E. Sheridan, D.D. Ho, P.J. Dailey and P.A. Marx. Temporal analysis of virus replication, immune responses, and efficacy in rhesus macaques immunized with a live, attenuated simian immunodeficiency virus vaccine. Journal of Virology, 72:7501-7509.

87. 1998 Chen Z., D. Kwon, Z. Jin, S. Monard, P. Telfer, M.S. Jones, R. Aguilar, D.D. Ho, and P.A. Marx. Natural infection of a homozygous ∆24 CCR5 red-capped mangabey with an R2b-tropic SIV. Journal of Experimental Medicine, 199:2057-2065.

88. 1998 Marx, P.A. and Z. Chen. The function of simian chemokine co-receptors in the replication of SIV. Seminars of Immunology, 10:215-223.

89. 1999 Kakimoto, W.M., A. Gettie, S. Smith, S.M. Donahoe, X. Jin, P. Marx, R. Connor and D.F. Nixon. Comparison of restimulation methods to elicit SIV specific cytotoxic T-lymphocytes (CTL) in vitro: Staphylococcal enterotoxin B (SEB) provides a novel method for the quantification of SIV specific CTL precursors. Immunology, 66:135-140.

90. 1999 Sodora, D.L., K.E. Sheridan, P.A. Marx and R.I. Connor. Immunization with a live, attenuated simian immunodeficiency virus vaccine leads to restriction of viral diversity in rhesus macaques not protected from pathogenic challenge. Journal of Virology, 72:4443-4446.

91. 1999 Ishizaka, S.T., Z.R. Israel, A. Gettie, E.M. Mishkin, J.K. Staas, R.M. Gilley, P.J. Dailey, D.C. Montefiori, P.A. Marx and J.H. Eldridge. Induction of mucosal antibody responses by microsphere-encapsulated formalin-inactivated simian immunodeficiency virus in a male urethral challenge model. Vaccine, 17:2817-2825.

92. 1999 Israel, Z.R., A. Gettie, S.T. Ishizaka, E.M. Mishkin, J. Staas, R. Gilley, D. Montefiori, P.A. Marx and J.H. Eldridge. Combined systemic and mucosal immunization with microsphere encapsulated inactivated simian immunodeficiency virus elicits serum, vaginal and tracheal antibody responses in female rhesus macaques. AIDS Research and Human Retroviruses, 15:1121-1136.

93. 1999 Hu, J., C.J. Miller, U. O’Doherty, P.A. Marx and M. Pope. The dendritic cell-T cell milieu of the lymphoid tissue of the tonsil provides a locale in which SIV can reside and propagate at chronic stages of infection. AIDS Research and Human Retroviruses, 15:1305-1314.

94. 1999 Smith, S.M., B. Holland, C. Russo, P.J. Dailey, P.A. Marx and R.I. Connor. Retrospective analysis of viral load and SIV antibody responses in rhesus macaques infected with pathogenic SIV: predictive value for disease progression. AIDS Research and Human Retroviruses, 15:1691-1701.

95. 2000 Zhang, Y-J, B. Lou, R.B. lal, A. Gettie, P.A. Marx and J.P. Moore. The use of inhibitors to evaluate co-receptor usage by simian and simian/human immunodeficiency viruses and human immunodeficiency virus type 2 in primary cells. Journal of Virology, 74:6893-6910.

96. 2000 Chakrabarti, L.A., S.R. Lewin, L. Zhang, A. Gettie, A. Luckay, L.N. Martin, E. Skulsky, D.D. Ho, C. Cheng-Mayer and P.A. Marx. Normal T cell turnover in sooty mangabeys harboring active simian immunodeficiency virus. Journal of Virology, 74:1209-1223.

97. 2000 Nixon, D.F., S.M. Donahoe, W.M. Kakimoto, R.V. Samuel, K.J. Metzner, A. Gettie, T. Hanke, P.A. Marx and R.I. Connor. SIV-specific CTL and protection against challenge in rhesus macaques immunized with a live attenuated simian immunodeficiency virus vaccine. Virology, 266:203-210.

98. 2000 Binley, J.M., B. Clas, A. Gettie, M. Vesanen, D.C. Montefiori, L. Sawyer, J. Booth, M. Lewis, P.A. Marx, S. Bonhoeffer and J.P. Moore. Passive infusion of immune serum into simian immunodeficiency virus-infected rhesus macaques undergoing a rapid disease course has minimal effect on plasma viremia. Virology, 270:237-249.

99. 2000 Donahoe, S.M., W.J. Moretto, K.J. Metzner, P.A. Marx, R.V. Samuel, T. Hanke, R.I. Connor and D.F. Nixon. Direct measurement of CD8+ T cell responses to simian immunodeficiency virus. Virology, 272:347-356.

100. 2000 Metzner, K.J., X. Jin, F.V. Lee, A. Gettie, D.E. Bauer, A.S. Perelson, P.A. Marx, D.D. Ho, L.G. Kostrikis and R.I. Connor. Effects of in vivo CD8+ T cell depletion on virus replication in rhesus macaques immunized with a live, attenuated SIV vaccine. Journal of Experimental Medicine, 191:1921-1932.

101. 2000 Smith, S.M., G.B. Baskin and P.A. Marx. Estrogen protects against vaginal transmission of simian immunodeficiency virus. Journal of Infectious Diseases, 182:708-715.

102. 2000 Gormus, B.J., M. Murphey-Corb, G.B. Baskin, K. Uherka, L.N. Martin, P.A. Marx, K. Xu and M.S. Ratterree. Interactions between Mycobacterium leprae and simian immunodeficiency virus (SIV) in rhesus monkeys. Journal of Medical Primatology, 29:259-267.

103. 2000 Chakrabarti, L.A., S.R. Lewin, L. Zhang, A. Gettie, A. Luckay, L.N. Martin, E. Skulsky, D.D. Ho, C. Cheng-Mayer and P.A. Marx. Age-dependent changes in T cell homeostasis and SIV load in sooty mangabeys. Journal of Medical Primatology, 29:158-165.

104. 2001 Greenwood, A.D., F. Lee, C. Capelli, R. DeSalle, P.A. Marx and R.D.E. MacPhee. Evolution of endogenous retrovirus-like elements of the woolly mammoth (Mammuthus primigenius). Mol. Biol. Evol., 18:840-847.

105. 2001 Marx, P.A., P.G. Alcabes and E. Drucker. Serial human passage of SIV by unsterile injecting and the emergence of epidemic HIV in Africa. Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society Series B. 356:911-920.

106. 2001 Parren, P.W.H.I., P.A. Marx, A.J. Hessell, A. Luckay, J. Harouse, C. Cheng-Mayer, J.P. Moore and D.R. Burton. Antibody protects macaques against vaginal challenge with a pathogenic R5 simian/human immunodeficiency virus at serum levels giving complete neutralization in vitro. Journal of Virology, 75:8340-8347.

107. 2001 Souquiere, S., F. Bibollet-Ruche, D.L. Robertson, M. Makuwa, R. Onanga, C. Kornfeld, C. Apetrei, F. Gao, K. Abernethy, L.J.T. White, W. Karesh, P. Telfer, E.J. Wickings, P. Mauclere, P.A. Marx, M.C. Muller-Trutwin, B. Hahn and F. Simon. Two Divergent SIV Types Naturally Infect Wild Mandrillus sphinx. A Paradigm of Lentivirus Diversity. Journal of Virology, 75:7089-7096.

108. 2001 Chakrabarti, L.A., A. Luckay and P.A. Marx. A divergent simian immunodeficiency virus from sooty mangabey with an atypical Tat/TAR structure. AIDS Research and Human Retroviruses, 17:1155-1165.

109. 2001 Smith, S.M., M. Khoroshev, P.A. Marx, J. Orenstein and K.-T. Jeang. Constitutively-dead, conditionally-live HIV-1 genomes: ex vivo implications for a live-virus vaccine. The Journal of Biological Chemistry, 276:32184-32190.

110. 2001 Rose, N.F., P.A. Marx, A. Luckay, D.F. Nixon, W.J. Moretto, S.M. Donahoe, D. Montefiori, A. Roberts L. Buonocore, and J.K. Rose. An effective AIDS vaccine based on live attenuated vesicular stomatitis virus recombinants. Cell, 106:539-549.

111. 2001 Veazey, R.S., P.A. Marx, and A.A. Lackner. The mucosal immune system: primary target for HIV infection and and AIDS. Trends in Immunology, 22:626-633. 

112. 2001 Drucker, E., P.G. Alcabes and P.A. Marx. The injection century: consequences of massive unsterile injecting for the emergence of human pathogens. Lancet, 358, 1989.

113. 2002 Prince, A.M., B. Brotman, D.-H. Lee, L. Andrus, J. Valinsky and P. Marx. Lack of evidence for HIV-1 related SIVcpz infection in captive and wild chimpanzees ((Pan troglodytes verus) in West Africa. AIDS Research and Human Retroviruses, 18:657-660.

114. 2002 Ling, B., R.S. Veazey, A. Luckay, C. Penedo, K. Xu, J.D. Lifson and P.A. Marx. SIVmac pathogenesis in rhesus of Chinese and Indian origin compared with primary HIV infections in humans. AIDS, 16:1489-1496.

115. 2002 Ignatius, R., K. Tenner-Racz, D. Messmer, A. Gettie, J. Blanchard, A. Luckay, C. Russo, S. Smith, P.A. Marx, R.M. Steinman, P. Racz, and M. Pope. Increased macrophage infection upon subcutaneous inoculation of rhesus macaques with simian immunodeficiency virus-loaded dendritic cells or T cells but not with cell-free virus. Journal of Virology, 76:9787-9797.

116 2002 Baskin, G.B., S.M. Smith and P.A. Marx. Endometrial hyperplasia, polyps and adenomyosis associated with unopposed estrogen in rhesus monkeys (Macaca mulatta). Veterinary Pathology, 39:572-575.

117. 2002 Shacklett, B.L., B. Ling, R.S. Veazey, A. Luckay, W.J. Moretto, D.T. Wilkens, J. Hu, Z.R. Israel, D.F. Nixon and P.A. Marx. Boosting of SIV-specific T-cell responses in rhesus macaques that resist repeated intravaginal challenge with Sivmac251. AIDS Research and Human Retroviruses 14:1081-1088.

118. 2002 Ling, B., R.S. Veazey, C. Penedo, K. Xu, J.D. Lifson and P.A. Marx. Longitudinal follow up of SIVmac pathogenesis in rhesus macaques of Chinese origin: Emergence of B cell lymphoma. Journal of Medical Primatology, 4-5:154-163.

119. 2002 Messmer, D., J.-M. Jacquez, C. Santisteban, C. Bristows, S.-Y. Han, L. VillamideHerrera, E. Mehlhop, P.A. Marx, R.M. Steinman, A. Gettie and M. Pope. Nef uncouples cytokine and chemokine production from phenotypic maturation in dendritic cells. Journal of Immunology, 169:4172-4182.

120. 2002 Xu, X.-M., B.A. Carlson, T.A. Grimm, J. Kutza, M.J. Berry, R. Arreola, K.H. Fields, I. Shanmugam, K.-T. Jeang, S. Oroszlan, G.F. Combs, K.A. Clouse, P.A. Marx, V.N. Gladyshev and D.L. Hatfield. Use of the rhesus monkey SIV model for assessing the role of selenium in AIDS. Journal of Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndrome, 31:453-463.

121. 2002 Lue, J, M. Hsu, D. Yang, P. Marx, Z. Chen, and C. Cheng-Mayer. Addition of a single gp120 glycan confers increased binding to DC-SIGN and neutralization escape to HIV-1. Journal of Virology, 76:10299-10306.

122. 2003 Veazey, R.S., B. Ling, H. McClure, A.A. Lackner and P.A. Marx. Vaginal CD4+ T cells express high levels of CCR5 and are rapidly depleted in Simian Immunodeficiency Virus infection. Journal of Infectious Diseases, 187:769-776. 

123. 2003 Ling, B., M.L. Santiago, S. Meleth, B. Gormus, H.M. McClure, C. Apetrei, B.H. Hahn and P.A. Marx. New lineages of simian immunodeficiency virus in captive sooty mangabeys: detection using non-invasive strategies correlates with high plasma viral load. Journal of Virology, 77:2214-2226.

124. 2003 Veazey, R.S., R.J. Shattock, M. Pope, J.C. Kirijan, J. Jones, Q. Hu, T. Ketas, P.A. Marx, P.J. Klasse, D.R. Burton and J.P. Moore. Prevention of virus transmission to macaque monkeys by a vaginally applied monoclonal antibody to HIV-1 gp120. Nature Medicine, 9:343-346.

125. 2003 Telfer, P.T., S. Souquiere, S.L. Clifford, K.A. Abernethy, M.W. Bruford, T.R. Disotell, K.N. Sterner, P. Roques, P.A. Marx and E.J. Wickings. Molecular evidence for deep phylogenetic divergence in Mandrillus Sphinx. Molecular EcologyI, 12:2019-2024.

126. 2003 Bailes, E., F. Gao, F. Bibollet-Ruche, M. Peeters, P.A. Marx, B.H. Hahn and P.M. Sharp. Hybrid origin of SIV in chimpanzees. Science, 300:1713.

127. 2003 Veazey, R.S., B. Ling, I. Pandrea, H. McClure, A. Lackner and P. Marx. Decreased CCR5 expression on CD4+ T cells of SIV-infected sooty mangabeys. AIDS Research and Human Retroviruses, 19:227-233.

128. 2003 Kunstman, K.J., B. Puffer, B.T. Korber, C. Kuiken, U.R. Smith, J. Kunstman, J. Stanton, M. Agy, R. Shibata, A. Yoder, S. Pillai, R.W. Doms, P. Marx and S.M. Wolinsky. Structure and function of CC-chemokine receptor 5 homologues derived from representative primate species and subspecies of the taxonomic suborders Prosimii and Anthropoidea. Virology, 77:12310-12318.

129. 2003 Pandrea, I., R. Onanga, C. Kornfeld, P. Rouquet, O. Bourry, S. Clifford, P.T. Telfer, K. Abernethy, L.T.W. White, P. Ngari, M. Muller-Trutwin, P. Roques, P.A. Marx, F. Simon and C. Apetrei. High levels of SIVmnd-1 replication in chronically infected mandrills. Virology, 317:119-127.

130. 2003 Smith, S.M., S. Pentlicky, Z. Klase, M. Singh, C. Neuveut, C.-Y. Lu, M.S. Reitz, Jr., R. Yarchoan, P.A. Marx, K.-T. Jeang. An in vivo replication-important function in the second coding exon of Tat is constrained against mutation despite cytotoxic T lymphocyte selection. Journal of Biological Chemistry, 278:44816-44825.

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Letters and Commentaries:

1. 1984 Marx, P.A., K.G. Osborn, R.V. Henrickson and M.B. Gardner. Virus isolation studies in simian AIDS. Lancet I:403. 

2. 1990 Marx, PA Primate Research Institute: AIDS Research Program Science 250:1499.

3. 1995 Marx, P.A. Attenuated retrovirus vaccines and AIDS, Letter to the Editor. Science, 270:1219-1220.

4. 1997 Duerr, A., D. Warren, D. Smith, T. Nagachinta and P.A. Marx. Contraceptives and HIV transmission. Letter to the Editor, Nature Medicine, 3:124.

5. 1997 Marx, P.A. Progesterone and SIV Vaginal Transmission. Letter to the Editor. Nature Medicine, 3:154.

6. 1998 Moises, A., et al. AIDS Vaccine Development. Letter to the Editor. Science, 280:803-805.

7. 1999 Prince, A.M., et al. Virulent HIV strains, chimpanzees and trial vaccines. Letter to the Editor. Science. 283:1117-1118.

8. 2002 Becker, J., E. Drucker, P. Enyong and P. Marx. Availability of injectable antibiotics in a town market in southwest Cameroon. The Lancet Infectious Diseases, 2:325-326.                          Back to Top

Chapters and other scientific publications:

1. 1976 Marx, P.A. and E.F. Wheelock. Influence of immune stimulation on viral leukemogenesis. Annals of the New York Academy of Science 276:502-512. 

2. 1977 Marx, P.A. and E.F. Wheelock. Reversal of immunodepression in Friend leukemia virus-infected mice by an RNA-rich extract of statolon. In M. Chirigos (Ed.), Control of Neoplasia by Modulation of the Immune System, Raven Press, New York. 

3. 1977 Wheelock, E.F., L.T. Goldstein, K.J. Weinhold, W.P. Carney and P.A. Marx. The Tumor Dormant State: in Cancer Invasion and Metastasis, S. Day (Ed.), Raven Press, New York.

4. l984 Gravell, M., W.T. London, S.A. Houff, D.L. Madden, M.C. Dalakas, J.L. Sever, K.G. Osborn, D.H. Maul, R.V. Henrickson, P.A. Marx, N.W. Lerche, S. Prahalada and M.B. Gardner. Transmission of simian acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (SAIDS) with blood or filtered plasma. IN: AIDS, Papers from Science, l982-l985, R. Kulstad (ed.), The American Association for the Advancement of Science, p. 85-89.

5. 1984 Gardner, M.B., P.A. Marx, R.V. Henrickson. Simian AIDS-Review and evidence for retroviral etiology, p. 184-196. In P. Ebbesen, R.J. Biggar and M. Melbye (Eds.), AIDS, A Basic Guide for Clinicians. Munksgaard Publishers Ltd., Denmark. 

6. 1984 Gardner, M.B., P.A. Marx, D.H. Maul, K.G. Osborn, L.J. Lowenstine, N.W. Lerche, R.V. Henrickson, B. Munn, B. Bencken, M. Bryant, M. Gravell, and J. Sever. Simian acquired immunodeficiency syndrome: An overview, p. 9-27. In M.S. Gottlieb and J.E. Groopman (Eds.), Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndrome. UCLA Symposia on Molecular and Cellular Biology, Vol. 16, Alan R. Liss, Inc., New York.

7. 1984 Gardner, M.B., N. Pedersen, P.A. Marx, P. Luciw and R. Gilden. Vaccination against virally induced animal tumors, p. 605-617. In Reif and Mitchell (Eds.), Immunity to Cancer, Academic Press, New York. 

8. 1985 Gardner, M.B. and P.A. Marx. Simian acquired immunodeficiency syndrome. In Volume 5, Advances in Viral Oncology. Raven Press, New York. p. 57-81. 

9. 1985 Gardner, M.B., P.A. Marx, D.H. Maul, K.G. Osborn, C. Miller, N.W. Lerche and R.V. Henrickson. Simian AIDS: Evidence for a retrovirus etiology, p. 26-32. Frontiers in Radiation Therapy and Oncology l9:26-32.

10. 1986 Marx, P.A. An Overview of Simian AIDS. In L.A. Salzman (Ed.), Animal Models of Retrovirus Infection and Their Relationship to AIDS, Academic Press, Inc., pp. 131-144. 

11. 1986 Arthur, L.A., R.V. Gilden, P.A. Marx and M.B. Gardner. Simian acquired immunodeficiency syndrome. Progress in Allergy 37:332-352. 

12. l986 Marx, P.A., D.H. Maul, K.G. Osborn, N.W. Lerche, P. Moody, L.J. Lowenstine, R.V. Henrickson, L.O. Arthur, R.V. Gilden, M. Gravell, W.T. London, J.L. Sever, J.A. Levy, R.J. Munn, and M.B. Gardner. Simian AIDS: Isolation of a type D retrovirus and transmission of the disease. IN: AIDS, Papers from Science, l982-l985, R. Kulstad (ed.), The American Association for the Advancement of Science, p. 110-115.

13. 1986 Marx, P.A., R.J. Munn, M.L. Bryant, N.W. Lerche, K.G. Osborn, D.H. Maul, L.J. Lowenstine, R.V. Henrickson and M.B. Gardner. The case for a retrovirus etiology of simian AIDS, p. 305-323. In L.M. de la Maza and E.M. Peterson (Eds.), Medical Virology IV, The Franklin Institute Press. 

14. 1987 Gardner, M.B., P. Luciw, N. Lerche, P.A. Marx, D. Maul, L. Lowenstine, and N. Pedersen. Type D Virus Immunosuppression in Captive Macaques p. 285-299. In L.M. de la Maza and E.M. Peterson (Eds.), Medical Virology VI, Elsevier Science Publishers. 

15. 1987 Marx, P.A., and L.J. Lowenstine. Mesenchymal Neoplasms Associated with Type D Retrovirus in Macaques. Cancer Surveys (6):101-115. 

16. 1987 Lowenstine, L., Lerche, N., Jennings, M., Marx, P.A., Gardner, M., Pedersen, N. An epizootic of simian AIDS caused by SIV in captive macaques in the 1970's. In Girard, M, deThe, G. & Valette, L. (eds). Retroviruses of Human AIDS and Related Animal Diseases. Pasteur Vaccines, Lyon. pp 174-176.

17. 1987 Schneider, J., E. Jurkiewicz, M. Hayami, R. Desrosiers, P.A. Marx, and G. Hunsmann. Serological and structural comparison of HIV, SIVmac, SIVagm, and SIVsm, four primate lentiviruses. Annals of the Institut Pasteur/Virology 138:93-99. 

18. 1988 Gardner, M.B., P. Luciw, N. Lerche, and P.A. Marx. Non-human Primate Retrovirus Isolates and AIDS, Kalman Perk (ed) In: Advances in Veterinary Science and Comparative Medicine, Volume 32, pp. 171-226, Academic Press Inc.

19. 1989 Marx, P.A. Human and simian immunodeficiency viruses in non-human primates. In: A.L. Notkins and M. B. A. Oldstone (Eds), Concepts in Viral Pathogenesis. Springer-Verlag, New York, Chap. 26, p. 225-232.

20. 1990 Gelderblom, H.R., P.A. Marx, M. Ozel, D. Gheysen, R.J. Munn, K.I. Joy, and G. Pauli. Morphogenesis and Fine Structure of Lentiviruses. In Pearl, Lawrence (Ed.). Retroviral Proteinases: Control of Maturation and Morphogenesis.

21. 1990 Sutjipto, S., N.C. Pedersen, M.B. Gardner, C.V. Hanson, C.J. Miller, A. Gettie, M.B. Jennings, J. Higgins, and P.A. Marx. Immunization of rhesus macaques with inactivated SIV does not protect against mucosal or IV challenge. UCLA Symposium, Tamarron, Colorado, February 4-11. Alan R. Liss, publisher, p. 271-281.

22. 1990 Lackner, A.A., L.J. Lowenstine, and P.A. Marx. Retroviral Infections of the CNS of Nonhuman Primates. In Oldstone, M.B.A. and H. Koprowski, (Eds.). Current Topics in Microbiology 160 and Immunology. Springer-Verlag, 77-96.

23. 1990 Marx, P.A., C.J. Miller, N.J. Alexander, S. Sutjipto, A.A. Lackner, A. Gettie, M. Jennings and A.G. Hendrickx. An Animal Model for Sexual Transmission of HIV. In Heterosexual transmission of AIDS. Alexander, N. J., H.L. Gabelnick, and J.M.Spieler, (Eds.) N.J. , Wiley-Liss, New York, Chap. 11, p.123-135.

24. 1990 Article in Encyclopedia of Science and Technology, Section on Retroviruses, 6th Edition McGraw-Hill, Publishers.

25. 1990 McGraw, T., P. Benjamin, R. Vowels, J.R. Carlson, P.A. Luciw, T. Yilma, P. A. Marx, N. Haigwood, K.S. Steimer, and M.B. Gardner. Immune Response of Nonhuman Primates Infected with SIV and Immunogenicity Studies of Lentivirus Vaccine Products. In Brown Fred, Robert M. Chanock, Harold S. Ginsberg, and Richard A. Lerner, (Eds.). Vaccines 90. Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press, p.389-392.

26. 1990 Sager, P.R., J.C. Cradock, C.L. Litterst, L.N. Martin, K.F. Soike, M. Murphey-Corb, P.A. Marx, C.-C. Tsai, A. Fridland, A. Bodner, L. Resnick and R.F. Schinazi. In Vitro Testing of Therapeutics against SIV and HIV. IN: AIDS: Anti-HIV Agents, Therapies, and Vaccines. In The Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences, Volume 616. V. St. Georgiev and J.J. McGowan (Eds.) New York Academy of Sciences, p. 599-605.

27. 1991 Li, Y., R. Steen, C. Butler, P. Fultz, P.A. Marx, and R.C. Desrosiers. Genetic Analysis of Simian Immunodeficiency Viruses and Their Relationship to Human Immunodeficiency Viruses: The Unity of Evolutionary Biology. Dioscorides Press, p. 424-429.

28. 1992 Marx, P.A. A Multiple-Use Chimpanzee Facility in New Mexico. Chimpanzee Conservation and Public Health: Environments for the future. 1992 Diagnon/Bioqual, Inc., p. 49-50.

29. 1992 Eldridge, J.H., P.A. Marx, R. Gilley, A. Gettie, J. Staas, D. Chen and and R.W. Compans. Systemic and Mucosal Immunization with SIV Vaccine in Biodegradable Microspheres in Retroviruses of Human AIDS and Related Animal Diseases pp 181-185, 1992 Eds M. Girard & L Vallette. Fondation Merieux Rhone Merieux.

30. 1993 Requirements for Space-Based Research Using a Spaceport, Report to National Aeronautics and Space Administration.

31. 1997 MacPhee, R., and Marx, P.A. The 40,000-year plaque: humans, hypervirulent diseases, and first-contact extinctions. In: Environmental Change in Madagascar, B.D. Patterson, S.M. Goodman and J.L. Sedlock (ed.), Field Museum of Natural History p. 17-19.

32. 1997 Pope, M., S. Frankel, R. Steinman, D. Elmore, D. Ho and P.A. Marx. Cutaneous dendritic cells promote replication of immunodeficiency viruses. In: Dendritic Cells in Fundamental and Clinical Immunology. Edited by P. Ricciardi-Castagnoli, Plenum Press, New York. 3:395-399.

33. 1998 Marx, P.A. Origins of HIV in: Encyclopedia of AIDS, Garland publishing, New York, NY. Pp. 262-265.

34. 1998 Marx, P.A. Simian Immunodeficiency viruses: their biology, origin and evolution. In: Human Immunodeficiency Viruses: biology, immunology and molecular biology, pp. 407-432.

35. 1999 MacPhee, R.D.E. and P.A. Marx. Mammoths and Microbes: How Hyperdisease attacked the New World In Discovering Archaeology Magazine. pp. 54-59.

36. 2001 MacPhee, R., and Marx, P.A. The 40,000-year plaque: humans, hyperdisease, and first-contact extinctions. In: the Biodiversity Crisis: Losing What Counts. M.J. Novacek (ed.), An American Museum of Natural History p. 84-89.

37. 2003 Veazey, R.S., P.J. Klasse, R.J. Shattock, M. Pope, J.C. Kirijan, J. Jones, T. Ketas, P.A. Marx, D.R. Burtonand J.P. Moore. Vaginal application of anti-gp120 monoclonal antibody b12 prevents SHIV-162P vaginal transmission to macaques. M. Vicari, B. Dodet and M. Girard (eds.), Proceedings of XIII Colloque des “Cent Gardes” p. 51-57.

38. 2004 Apetrei, C., D.L. Robertson and P.A. Marx. The history of SIVs and AIDS: epidemiology, phylogeny and biology of isolates from naturally SIV infected non-human primates (NHP) in Africa. In Frontiers in Bioscience 9, p225-254.

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Publications Under Review:

1. 2003 Egan, M.A., S.Y. Chong, N.F. Rose, S. Megati, K. Lopez, e. Schadeck, J.E. Johnson, A. Masood, P. Piacente, R. Druihlet, P. Barras, D. Hasselschwert, P. Reilly, E.M. Mishkin, D.C. Montefiore, M.G. Lewis, D.K. Clarke, R.M. Hendry, P.A. Marx, J.H. Eldridge, S.A. Udem, Z.R. Israel and J.K. Rose. Immunogenicity of attenuated vesicular stomatitis virus vectors expressing HIV-1 env and SIV gag proteins: comparison of intranasal and intramuscular vaccination routes. Submitted.

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Selected List of Invited Lectureships and Special presentations:

1. "Variation in the Humoral Immune Responses of Rhesus Monkeys (Macaca mulatta) Immunized with Formalin-Inactivated Type D Retrovirus Vaccine and Correlation with the Clinical Disease Outcome"
III International Conference on AIDS, 
Washington, DC
June 1987

2. National Cooperative Drug Discovery, 
National Institutes of Health
Oakland, California
November 1988

3. "Worldwide Distribution of Type D Retroviruses" 
Symposium on Nonhuman Primate Models for AIDS
San Antonio, Texas
November 1988. 


4. "Transmission of Simian Immunodeficiency Virus (SIV) Across the Genital Mucosa of Male and Female Rhesus Macaques"
IVth International Conference on AIDS
Stockholm, Sweden
June 1988.

5. "An SIV Model for AIDS"
Veterans Administration Scientific Symposium on AIDS
San Francisco, CA
May 1988

6. "The Natural History of Simian AIDS Type D Retroviruses Inside and Outside Asia"
World Health Organization Global Programme on AIDS
Geneva Switzerland
March 1988

7. "Computer Emulation of Thin Section Electron Microscopy of the Icosadeltahedral Capsid of Human Immunodeficiency Virus"
Iowa Microbeam Society Meeting
Iowa City, Iowa
October 1988

8. Planning Meeting on Animal Models for AIDS
Walter Reed Army and the Division of Research Resources, NIH Bethesda, Maryland
July 1989.

9. IVth International Conference on AIDS and Associated Cancers in Africa
Marseilles, France
October 1989.

10. Animal Models in AIDS
Maastricht, The Netherlands
October 1989. 

11. Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Institute of Laboratory Animal Science, Guest Lecturer and Visiting Scientist
Beijing, China
December 1989

12. UCLA Symposium on Animal Models of Human Viral Diseases, Keystone, Colorado
March 1990.

13. NIH, AIDS Vaccine Symposium
Clearwater Beach FL
October 1990.

14. "The induction of mucosal immune response to SIV antigens in a primate model", 
NIAID and Fogarty International Center, Vaccine Approaches to Mucosal Immunity in AIDS
Melville, NY
September 1991

15. "Environments for the Future"
Diagnon Corporation, Chimpanzee Conservation and Public Health Rockville MD
November 1991.

16. "Evolution of SIV in West Africa"
Institut Pasteur, Department of Virology
Paris, France
January 1992.

17. "Protection with Microencapsulated Vaccines"
National Cooperative Vaccine Development Group
Bethesda, MD
August 1992


18. "Retroviral Vaccines: Use of Animal Models for Human Vaccine Development"
Emory University, Dept. of Virology and Immunology
Atlanta, GA
July, 1993.

19. "SIV Mucosal Vaccines: A Model for Human Vaccines"
Laboratory for Experimental Medicine and Surgery in Primates, New York University, 
Tuxedo, NY
July 1993

20. "Induction of Mucosal Immunity to HIV with Microencapsulated Vaccines"
Cambridge Healthtech Institute
Alexandria, VA 
March 1994

21. "Mucosal Detection Against Vaginal Transmission with Mucosal Vaccines"
Progenics
Tarrytown, NY 
May 1994

22. "Protection Against SIV Vaginal Transmission with a Microencapsulated Vaccine"
Sandoz Forschungsinstitut
Vienna, Austria 
October 1994

23. "Simian Immunodeficiency Virus: The Twentieth Century Origins of HIVs"
Yale University
New Haven, CT 
February 1995

24. "Early Events in SIV Pathogenesis After Vaginal Transmission"
Harvard Medical School, New England Regional Primate Research Center, 
Boston, MA, 
September 1995

25. “Early Pathogenesis of SIV: Vaginal Transmission Co-Factors, First Target Cells and Kinetics of SIV Spread”
National Cooperative Vaccine Development Group
Bethesda, MD
February, 1996

26. “Progesterone Implants Increase SIV Vaginal Transmission and Earl Virus Load” 
Keystone Symposium, Immunopathogenesis of HIV Infection, 
Hilton Head, SC, 
March 1996

27. “Progesterone implants Enhance SIV Vaginal Transmission and Early Virus Load”
Biomedicine ‘96
Washington, DC
May 1996

28. “Hormonal Co-factors in Vaginal Transmission of Primate Lentiviruses”
14th Annual Symposium on Nonhuman Primate Models for AIDS
Portland, OR
November 1996

29. “Parameters of Genital Transmission of SIV”
Brown University 
Providence, RI
December 1996

30. Immunology think tank
Washington, DC
January 1997

31. Womens Interagency HIV Study
Washington, DC
January 1997

32. Simian AVEG Meeting
Washington, DC
January 1997

33. “Hormones Influence Genital Transmission of SIV and HIV” 
4th Conference on Retroviruses and Opportunistic Infections
Washington, DC
January 1997

34. “Changes in Infectivity Associated with Hormonal Modulation”
Reproductive Tract and HIV Transmission
Bethesda, MD
February 1997

35. “Simian Models of SIV Heterosexual Transmission”
Implant Contraceptives: An Illuminating Case Study in Current Dilemmas and Possibilities
Institute of Medicine, National Academy of Sciences
Washington, DC
April 1997

36 “Analysis of Second Receptor in Non-human Primates”
AIDS Pathogenesis Meeting
Keystone, Colorado
April 1997

37. NCVDG/MAP Meeting
Washington, DC
May 1997

38. “Animal Models for Testing Chemoprohpylaxis in Acute Seroconvertors and Others”
Acute Diseases Pathogenesis Meeting
Washington, DC
May 1997

39. “SIV Infection of Macaque: A Model for Cross-Species Transmission and Pathogenesis”
Cross-Species Infectivity and Pathogenesis Meeting
Bethesda, MD
July 1997

40. “Progesterone Implants Increase SIV Vaginal Transmission and Early Virus Load”
St. Michael’s Medical Education Seminar
Newark, NJ
August 1997

41. “Spontaneous Infection of a Household Pet Red Capped Mangabey (Cercocebus torquatus torquatus) with a New Simian Immunodeficiency Virus having pol sequences in the HIV-1 Lineage”
15th Annual Symposium on Non-Human Primate Models for AIDS
Seattle, WA
September 1997

42. “SIV Genetic Diversity in Vaccinated and Naive Macaques”
HIV-1 Infection, Mucosal Immunity and Pathogenesis Meeting
Bethesda, MD
September 1997

43. “The influence of female hormones on SIV and HIV genital transmission”
Institut de Recherches Cliniques de Montreal
Montreal, Canada
October 1997

44. “The influence of female hormones on SIV and HIV genital transmission”
Tulane Regional Primate Research Center
Covington, LA
October 1997

45. “Spontaneous Infection of a Household Pet Red Capped Mangabey (Cercocebus torquatus torquatus) with a New Simian Immunodeficiency Virus having pol sequences in the HIV-1 Lineage”
University of Massachusetts
Worcester, MA
November 1997

46. “The emergence of HIV-1 and HIV-2: Assessing the evolution and genetic divergence of new SIVs from household pet mangabeys in West Africa”
New York Blood Center
New York, NY
December 1997

47. “The emergence of HIV-1 and HIV-2: Assessing the evolution and genetic divergence of new SIVs from household pet mangabeys in West Africa”
Walter Reed Army Institute of Research
Rockville, MD
February 1998

48. “Natural infection of a household pet mangabey (Cercocebus torquatus torquatus) with a new simian immunodeficiency virus related to HIV-1 and HIV-2 has implications for the ancient ancestry of HIV”
Keystone Symposium on HIV Pathogenesis and Treatment
Park City, UT
March 1998

49. “The emergence of HIV-1 and HIV-2: Assessing the evolution and genetic divergence of new SIVs from household pet mangabeys in West Africa”
Centre International de Recherches Medicales - Franceville
Franceville, Gabon
April 1998 

50. “A new simian virus from the West African Mangabey: their unique chemokine receptor use and their role in the evolution of HIV-1 and HIV-2”
“Early events for vaginal transmission of simian immunodeficiency virus in the macaque model: the role of target cells, tropisms and sex hormones in crossing the genital epithelium”
100,000 years of SIV evolution and only 50 years of HIV evolution?”
University of Puerto Rico
San Juan, PR
April/May 1998

51. “CCR5 gene deletions in mangabeys naturally infected with SIV in West Africa”
Merck & Company
Rahway, NJ
June 1998

52. “Early events for vaginal transmission of simian immunodeficiency virus in the macaque model: the role of target cells, tropisms and sex hormones in crossing the genital epithelium”
“The emergence of HIV-1 and HIV-2: Assessing the evolution and genetic divergence of new SIVs from household pet mangabeys in West Africa”
“Recent progress in AIDS vaccine Development”
“The role of the primate model in AIDS Research”
Kunming Institute of Zoology
Chinese Academy of Sciences
Kunming, P.R. China
July 1998

53. “Characterization of new lentiviruses - co-receptors and CCR5 genetic defects”
HIV/AIDS: Insights from Animal Lentiviruses
Targeted Interventions Branch, Basic Sciences Program, Division of AIDS, NIAID, NIH
Bethesda, MD
September 1998

54. “Natural infection of a homozygous deleted CCR5 red-capped mangabey with a CCR2b-tropic SIV”
16th Annual Symposium on Non-Human Primate Models for AIDS
Atlanta, GA
October 1998

55. “The origins of HIV-1 and HIV-2 in West Africa”
Tulane Medical Alumni Association, Louisiana State Medical Society
Baton Rouge, LA
October 1998

56. “Influence of female hormones on SIV vaginal transmission”
Tulane University Medical Center, Infectious Disease Department
New Orleans, LA
November 1998

57. “The late 20th century origin of HIV-1 and HIV-2”
Tulane Medical Center, Sigma Xi, Scientific Research Society 
New Orleans, LA
December 1998

58. “Evolution of SIV Co-Receptor Use”
LSU Medical Center, Department of Microbiology
New Orleans, LA
December 1998

59. “The evolution of co-receptor use in new SIV isolates derived from the Cercocebus group of mangabeys”
Institute of Virus Research, Laboratory of Viral Pathogenesis
Kyoto, Japan
January 1999

60. “The evolution of SIV in African Primates”
Adaptation and Evolution of Cercopithecidae in Africa
Inuyama, Japan
January 1999

61. “The origin of HIV in West Africa and the search for a vaccine”
Central Coast Congregate Care
Santa Barbara, CA
January 1999

62. “HIV - part II, Emergence of SIV”
LSU Medical Center, Department of Microbiology
New Orleans, LA
February 1999

63. “Diversity of SIVs from other non-human primates”
HIV Dynamics and Evolution
Center for Disease Control
Atlanta, GA
March 1999

64. “Cross-species transmission of SIVsm and the origin of HIV-2”
Cross-species Transmission of Immunodeficiency Viruses
NIH/NIAID
Atlanta, GA
March 1999

65. “Covergent evolution of HIV and SIV co-receptor deletions in man and monkey”
Tulane University Medical Center, Department of Biochemistry
New Orleans, LA
April 1999

66. “Evolving story of SIV-implications for the ancient ancestry of HIV”
1999 International Conference
American Lung Association/American Thoracic Society
San Diego, CA
April 1999

67. “The evolution of simian lentiviruses in Africa:
Institute Pasteur
Paris, France
May 1999

68. “Evolution of simian lentiviruses in Cameroon”
Pasteur Center in Cameroon
June 1999

69. “The role of estrogen in SIV vaginal transmission”
Tulane Regional Primate Research Center
Departmental Seminars
Covington, LA 
September 1999

70. “The role of estrogen and progesterone in SIV transmission”
Louisiana State University 
Department of Veterinary Microbiology and Parasitology
Baton Rouge, LA
September 1999

71. “The role of estrogen and progesterone in SIV transmission”
Louisiana State University Medical Center
Infectious Diseases Section Research Conference
New Orleans, LA 
September 1999

72. “Evolution, Hormones and Vaccines: A Program Overview”
Tulane Regional Primate Research Center
Covington, LA
October 1999

73. “The role of female hormones in HIV and SIV vaginal transmission”
Tulane University Hospital and Clinic
New Orleans, LA
October 1999

74. “Evolution, Hormones and Vaccines: A Program Overview”
Tulane University Medical Center/Tulane Regional Primate Research Center
Covington, LA
October 1999

75. “Role of Estrogen and Progesterone on Vaginal Transmission of SIV in the Macaque Model of AIDS”
Tulane University Medical Center Grand Rounds
New Orleans, LA
January 2000

76. “Estrogen Protects Against Vaginal Transmission of SIV”
7th Retrovirus Conference on Opportunistic Infections
San Francisco, CA
January 2000

77. “Estrogen Protects Against Vaginal Transmission of SIV”
Tulane University Medical Center
AIDS Clinical Trials Unit Scientific Meeting
New Orleans, LA
February 2000

78. “Estrogen protects against vaginal transmission of simian immunodeficiency virus”
Microbicides 2000
Washington, DC
March 2000

79. “History of HIV”
Pathogenesis of Infectious Diseases
University of Kuwait
Kuwait
May 2000

80. “Pathogenesis of HIV Infection”
Pathogenesis of Infectious Diseases
University of Kuwait
Kuwait
May 2000

81. “The Origins of HIV in Central and West Africa”
3rd Annual Meeting of the Gulf Coast Tropical Medicine Association
Baton Rouge, LA
June 2000

82. “Origins of HIV and SIV”
The Origins and Emergence of HIV
Royal Academy of Sciences
London, England
September 2000

83. “Hormones, Vaccines and Evolution: An Overview of the Marx Research Program”
MCB Research Methods
Tulane University Health Sciences Center
November 2000

84. “Evolution, Hormones and Vaccines: A Program Overview”
University of Georgia
Athens, GA
February 2001

85. “The role of female hormones on SIV vaginal transmission”
HIV/STD Interest Group
Tulane University Health Sciences Center
March 2001

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